Friday, May 23, 2025
Homophones Visualized – Book Review
Wednesday, January 1, 2025
Big & Fancy Words That Might Make You Smarter...er – Book Review
- A synonym for "antediluvian" should be "old-fashioned", not "old-fashion". (p. 43)
- The correct spelling for "consistant" is "consistent". (p. 72)
- The word "vengence" is a misspelling; the correct one is "vengeance". (p. 319)
Monday, August 12, 2024
English-Indonesian False Friends
Taking a short break from perusing the grandificently written novel Hotel Megalodon by Rick Chesler, I am here nestled on my bed writing this English-themed article. Some (or many?) friends are not real; those backstabbers or wolves in sheep's clothing should be eschewed, hurled into oblivion in a split second. Nevertheless, this is not the sense this article intends to discuss.
In linguistic terminology, a false friend is "a word in a foreign language that is similar to one in your own, so that you wrongly think they both mean the same thing" (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online). It is obvious that false friends can impede a language learner's progress, misleading them into an incorrect understanding of a word. Hence, I hope the following list of English-Indonesian false friends can help English-learning Indonesian speakers and Indonesian-learning English speakers alike to avoid such a misunderstanding potentially caused by these "masquerading foes". Enjoy!
Note:
- In each entry, the first word is English and the second word Indonesian.
- The entries are arranged in alphabetical order.
- The definition of the English word is from the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online, unless stated otherwise.
- If you would like to suggest your own false friends, feel free to contact me. I will credit you for your contribution(s).
- air vs. air (added on October 10, 2024)
- air: the mixture of gases around the Earth, that we breathe
- air: water
- Angus vs. (h)angus (added on October 6, 2024)
- Angus: any of a breed of usually black hornless beef cattle originating in Scotland (Merriam-Webster)
- (h)angus: burnt
- babe vs. babe (added on October 10, 2024)
- babe: a word for an attractive young woman; a way of speaking to someone you love, especially your wife or husband
- babe: father; dad
- baggage vs. bagasi (added on October 19, 2024)
- baggage: the cases, bags, boxes etc. carried by someone who is traveling
- bagasi: the part at the back of a car where you can put bags, tools etc.; trunk [US]/boot [UK]
- Note that the word "bagasi" can also refer to the English meaning above.
- ballyhoo vs. baliho
- ballyhoo: when there is a lot of excitement or anger about something – used to show disapproval
- baliho: a promotional medium that gives information about an activity related to a society (Kumparan)
- Note that the word "baliho" can also refer to the English meaning above.
- bandan(n)a vs. bando
- bandan(n)a: a large brightly colo(u)red piece of cloth that you wear around your head or neck
- bando: headband
- benzene vs. bensin
- benzene: a liquid obtained from coal, used for making plastics
- bensin: gasoline [US]/petrol [UK]
- bow tie vs. bau ta(h)i
- bow tie: a short piece of cloth tied in the shape of a bow that men sometimes wear around their neck
- bau ta(h)i: the smell of f(a)eces
- bullet vs. bulat
- bullet: a small piece of metal that you fire from a gun
- bulat: round(ed)
- center [US]/centre [UK] vs. senter
- center [US]/centre [UK]: the middle of a space, area, or object, especially the exact middle; a building which is used for a particular purpose or activity
- senter: flashlight [US]/torch [UK]
- colo(u)r vs. kolor
- colo(u)r: red, blue, yellow, green, brown, purple etc.
- kolor: briefs; underpants [US]/pants [UK]
- copy vs. kopi (added on November 1, 2024)
- copy: something that is made to be exactly like another thing
- kopi: coffee
- Note that the word "kopi" can also refer to the English meaning above.
- cost vs. kos(t)
- cost: the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do, or produce something
- kos(t): boarding house; bedsit [UK]
- critic vs. kritik
- critic: someone whose job is to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of art, music, films etc.; someone who criticizes a person, organization, or idea
- kritik: criticism
- dozen vs. dosen
- dozen: twelve
- dosen: lecturer
- espionage vs. spion
- espionage: the activity of secretly finding out secret information and giving it to a country’s enemies or a company’s competitors
- spion: side mirror [US]/wing mirror [UK]
- fabric vs. pabrik
- fabric: cloth used for making clothes, curtains etc.
- pabrik: factory
- grocer vs. grosir
- grocer: someone who owns or works in a shop that sells food and other things used in the home
- grosir: wholesale(r)
- groggy vs. grogi
- groggy: weak and unable to move well or think clearly because you are ill or very tired
- grogi: nervous; have butterflies (in your stomach)
- guru vs. guru
- guru: someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, and gives advice to other people; a Hindu religious teacher or leader
- guru: teacher
- hide vs. haid
- hide: to deliberately put or keep something or someone in a place where they cannot easily be seen or found; to go or stay in a place where no one will see or find you
- haid: menstruation
- ketchup vs. kecap
- ketchup: a thick cold red sauce made from tomatoes that you put on food
- kecap: soy sauce
- khaki vs. kaki
- khaki: a dull green-brown or yellow-brown colo(u)r; cloth of this colo(u)r, especially when worn by soldiers
- kaki: foot; leg
- modal vs. modal (added on October 6, 2024)
- modal: a verb, such as "can", "might", and "must", that is used with another verb to express an idea such as possibility that is not expressed by the main verb of a sentence (Cambridge Dictionary)
- modal: capital; money or property, especially when it is used to start a business or to produce more wealth
- optical vs. optik
- optical: relating to machines or processes which are concerned with light, images, or the way we see things
- optik: optometrist's [US]/optician's [UK]
- Note that the word "optik" can also refer to the English meaning above.
- ounce vs. ons
- ounce: a unit for measuring weight, equal to 28.35 grams. There are 16 ounces in a pound.
- ons: a unit for measuring weight, equal to 100 grams
- police vs. polis (added on October 18, 2024)
- police: the people who work for an official organization whose job is to catch criminals and make sure that people obey the law
- polis: policy; a contract with an insurance company, or an official written statement giving all the details of such a contract
- policy vs. polisi (added on October 18, 2024)
- policy: a way of doing something that has been officially agreed and chosen by a political party, a business, or another organization; a contract with an insurance company, or an official written statement giving all the details of such a contract
- polisi: police
- prawn vs. perawan
- prawn: a small pink shellfish that can be eaten
- perawan: virgin
- pulse vs. pulsa
- pulse: the regular beat that can be felt, for example at your wrist, as your heart pumps blood around your body
- pulsa: cell phone credit [US]/mobile phone credit [UK]
- room vs. rumah
- room: a part of the inside of a building that has its own walls, floor, and ceiling
- rumah: house; home
- solar vs. solar (added on October 19, 2024)
- solar: relating to the sun; using the power of the sun’s light and heat
- solar: a type of heavy oil used instead of petrol in engines, especially in trucks, buses, and trains; diesel (fuel/oil)
- sinister vs. sinis
- sinister: making you feel that something evil, dangerous, or illegal is happening or will happen
- sinis: cynical
- vocal vs. vokal
- vocal: expressing strong opinions publicly, especially about things that you disagree with; relating to the voice or to singing
- vokal: vowel
- Note that the word "vokal" can also refer to the English meanings above.
Thursday, June 22, 2023
Quote #103
"There is a fundamental difference between purposefully offending someone and purely and simply telling them the truth." - Klinsman HinjayaContinue reading
Monday, February 13, 2023
Quote #94
"The amount of mental gymnastics required to make sense of the dinosaurs without acceptance of the theory of evolution is utterly ridiculous." - Klinsman HinjayaContinue reading
Friday, January 27, 2023
Quote #93
"If the fact says otherwise, your opinion doesn't matter." - Klinsman HinjayaContinue reading
Monday, January 2, 2023
Quote #91
"Blessed are those who have an open mind, for the truth shall be revealed to them." - Klinsman HinjayaContinue reading
Tuesday, December 13, 2022
Quote #90
"Ability without humility reeks. Endless willingness to learn is aromatic." - Klinsman HinjayaContinue reading
Monday, October 31, 2022
Scholastic Dictionary of Idioms – Book Review
Monday, April 19, 2021
What Does It Mean To Be a Teacher?
This is a vitally important question for some of the billions of earthlings to answer – and that fraction includes me, a speck of cosmic dust which happens to be inhabiting the most populated island of the Indonesian archipelago. I have worked as a teacher of English, my most loved language of all, for over seven years and this has inevitably made me ponder and reflect, from time to time, on the role that I have been trusted to take. Teaching is my bread and butter, but, to me, it goes far beyond that. I wholeheartedly believe that being a teacher means much, much more than earning money to get by in life. The future of the planet very much depends on our collective action and in order to ensure the continuity of its existence and the advancement & protection of its welfare, what we sorely need are who I would call real teachers: those who put their best effort into enlightening the minds of the next generation for the common good – for all of us. Seen from this point of view, teachers are really saviors of the world. So, what does it mean to be a teacher? What things does it involve? I reckon the following elements are essential to making a real teacher:
1. Educator
Needless to say, this quality is indispensable to being a teacher. Teachers are meant to educate, and this requires them to possess a sufficient amount of knowledge or skill to diffuse to or instill in the students. A teacher who lacks expertise in their respective area simply will not make a significant impact, if any, on their students' lives. It is important to underline that teachers must strive to combat false information and that they also need to be highly creative to make sure that their delivery of a particular subject is effectively accomplished.
2. Motivator
Let's face it: Students can feel down and discouraged – well, they are human beings, aren't they? They may be having a serious family problem, or instead they may have been stuck on a math problem for long. Such situations can hurl them to the depths of despair; and this is when the subrole of a motivator comes into play. A teacher should be able to sympathize with and motivate their students to achieve their aims, making them rise and directing them to meeting their challenges. What is worse than seeing someone's potential left unfulfilled?
3. Example Setter
Teachers have to be role models for their students. Why so? Well, it is simply because students tend to imitate their teachers, just as kids do their parents. If a teacher tells their students to be punctual, but they themselves always arrive late, would that convince the students to be disciplined? If you are an English teacher, but you do not care about, say, capitalization when writing country or city names, don't you think your students would be slovenly too? Setting an example is a very powerful way to drive students to success in learning.
4. Inspirator
Setting an example is a must, but I think a teacher needs to go the extra mile. Be an inspiration to your students! There are endless things a teacher can do to launch their students to heights of excitement on their learning journeys. For example, if you are a music teacher, you might want to record videos of you showing off your brilliant skill at playing a musical instrument and posting them to social media so that the general public can enjoy it. This will get your students psyched about the performance and, hopefully, wanting to do such inspirational things themselves.
5. Friend
It is probably true that there is often an invisible but discernible gap between teachers and students. It is as if students are destined to respect their teachers from afar and their teachers are "untouchable", exclusively sitting on their "thrones". Although I agree that there should be limits to how teachers and students interact, developing a rapport with students is really important as it can enhance their learning experiences by leaps and bounds. As mentioned before, students are humans, so being able to, for example, share with their teachers would be greatly beneficial.
6. Learner
Finally, a teacher, just like everybody else, is essentially a learner. This certainly applies to the knowledge or skill in their respective field – for instance, an English teacher must keep abreast of the latest development in the language (new vocabulary, etc.). However, it can be extended into such areas as understanding the psychology of the students and new technology that can be utilized to make learning more fun and effective. Teachers need to always update their armaments to ensure that their students experience learning in the best way possible.
Thank you so much for reading up to this point! I hope this article is useful for fellow teachers and those considering entering the profession. Feel free to leave any comments below! 😊
Continue readingWednesday, March 24, 2021
Quote #65
"Someone who says that they are ignorant of nothing is clearly ignorant of something." - Klinsman HinjayaContinue reading
Sunday, February 14, 2021
Q&A (Q-Man and Answers) #1: How does it feel when you can help other people improve their English speaking skills?
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| #1 |
Question from Dewi Kania Saputra: How does it feel when you can help other people improve their English speaking skills?
Q-Man's answer:
It is no exaggeration to say that being able to use English properly is a primary need in the current era. Although, according to an article by EF blogger Isabelle, it is not the most widely spoken language in the world (the honor goes to Mandarin Chinese, with more than 955 million native speakers, including the one and only Jay Chou), it is undoubtedly a crucially important language to learn and proficiency in this sexy medium of communication means access to a multitude of opportunities which can literally change one's life. When I am successful in teaching my students (or anyone, really) such that they can use English better than they used to, I feel deeply grateful for being able to take part in their unique journeys to reaching their own dreams. It is infinitely rewarding to help someone take a step, however small it is, towards a brighter future.
Q&A (Q-Man and Answers) is a section where I answer questions from my readers. Feel free to send me any question through one of my social media channels. Note that you may choose to remain anonymous.
Continue readingTuesday, February 2, 2021
Limitless Learning
His glass is full. Don't take this sentence literally. The metaphorical statement is a comment made on a student who apparently feels that the classes he joins are worthless. Regardless of what the real truth is, I would like to give my take on this attitude towards learning.
Humility underpins the success of education. When one thinks they know literally everything, that's when they impose a limit on themselves. This intellectual deception hinders progress of any kind and is a serious obstacle to our advancement, as an individual and as a society. This easily stems from the fact that no single person would ever possess a full, thorough understanding of the universe. Every person ever born on Earth experiences different things than anyone else (this is beautifully formulated in the first rule in Bill Nye's guide to doing everything all at once: Everyone you'll ever meet knows something you don't.), and this necessitates reliance and dependence on our fellow (wo)men, if we are to thrive in this world. This realization should lead us to being more humble and respectful to others, and thus, naturally, we should always provide room for learning from literally anyone, who together makes up an inexhaustible source of knowledge.
While we're on this topic, I would like to share my reading experience related to this with all of you. As some of you may already know, I'm currently reading a science book by the eminent evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, whose title is probably one of the coolest ever in the history of book publishing: The Magic of Reality (to read my review, click here). In this book, there are at least a couple of instances where Dawkins states that he is not knowledgeable about a particular subject. To me, this is an exemplary act which shows how humility entails an admission of one's limits.
To end this article, I would like to sort of quote from a dinosaur book (I hope this sums up the contents of this article neatly). It goes something like this: Even if you think you know everything, there's always something new to learn.
Continue readingMonday, February 1, 2021
Saturday, November 28, 2020
Quote #63
"To speak another language is to see the world in a different way." - Klinsman HinjayaContinue reading
Friday, October 9, 2020
Ins(t)an(t)ity
This is a special day for me! Not only has my new bookrack come to my home and been neatly assembled (get ready for a second batch of multiple orders, Better World Books and Book Depository!), but my superbly cute, beloved nephew is also celebrating his 8th birthday today! Like avian dinosaurs, time does fly indeed – especially in these pandemic-stricken times. Nevertheless, this global health crisis should not hobble our precious productivity; therefore, since I have a sufficient amount of time available this day off of mine, I thought I would write an article to address a notion which is perhaps commonly propagated by those working in the marketing field.
I feel uneasy about an advertisement I saw one day, probably on Facebook although I'm not entirely sure (not about instant noodles though). It said something along the lines of "Speak English like a native speaker in 3 months!" or "Be fluent in English in 3 months with a money-back guarantee!" This sounds like a heaven on earth, doesn't it? Nevertheless, however enticing this language improvement offer is, how much truth actually lies in this sort of claim?
Despite the dubious legitimacy of the fully expressed form of the title of this post, I reckon that it is no sweat to work out the meaning which I would like to get across to my readership. For me, it seems to be a far-fetched idea that someone can accomplish such a linguistic goal in such a smidgen of time. The next couple of paragraphs will detail my argument explaining why this is very likely unrealistic and unachievable.
Firstly, let's investigate this matter by taking a look at the most responsible organ for the learning activity: the brain. While I completely agree that the capacity of this jelly-like asset of ours is absolutely wonderful, we need to keep in mind that it is not "perfect" and does possess limitations. The evolution of humans has allowed such a remarkable contraption to equip us in 21st-century life, but it is not an über-powerful tool that we can employ to do anything we want. Think about the speed at which we process information and how much our brain can really retain. Think about the fact that our education system involves a good number of stages that we have to pass step by step, with the lower levels being prerequisites for the higher ones. Just like evolution itself, it is observable that graduality is a huge norm in our day-to-day life.
Now let's turn to our role models in regard to language abilities: native speakers. Did it take them only a couple of months to master their mother tongue from when they were born? Well, one could argue that the brain was not fully developed when they were babies, but if you think about it, it is the numerous years an adult native speaker has spent which imparted to them a whole armamentarium for native-level communication (lexical resource, grammatical range and awareness, etc.). A significant amount of exposure is definitely important to language acquisition and, admittedly, it is a privilege that native speakers automatically have – this should not discourage us from improving our proficiency in the target language, however.
I think it is safe to say that the same concept can be applied to not only language learning, but other areas as well. Promotional messages such as "Be the next Ade Rai in 6 months!" or "Master piano skills and outdo Jay Chou in 3 months!" sound alluring indeed although I probably have (almost) never heard such arresting utterances.
Of course, notwithstanding what I have laid out, I could be wrong. Probably those kinds of companies have devised super methods that enable their customers/clients to acquire a certain set of skills at lightning speed, as if defying the laws of nature. Could this involve some sort of lobotomy or otherwise advanced body modifications? If true, then it is very interesting and I would certainly love to know the mechanisms that make such mind-blowing attainment possible. I am also aware that humans are born with different innate traits and qualities, with a handful of them being extraordinarily quick at mastering skills. Thus, there is a caveat indeed.
That being said, rather than actively seeking for seemingly implausible ways to instantly crank up my English proficiency, I myself would prefer to stick with what I have always believed to be the fundamental values in learning – love, enjoyment, curiosity, and the like.
Continue readingWednesday, June 10, 2020
Quote #61
"I would choose to know the truth, however agonizing it is, over comforting lies any day." - Klinsman HinjayaContinue reading
Thursday, June 4, 2020
My First-Ever Podcast on Dinosaurs!
Saturday, March 7, 2020
Work on your Phrasal Verbs – Book Review
There are various reasons why people choose to read a particular book. I opted to purchase this book from the amazing British bookstore Blackwell's for the impressiveness of its sibling Work on your Idioms (read my review of the idiom book here). Phrasal verbs (things like run out, stand for, talk into, and give away) are an inextricable part of the English vocabulary and make up a large part of it (see what I did there?): mastering this area is undoubtedly crucial if you wish to be an excellent English speaker (and writer) and aim to sound more natural in using this language. I found this resource incredibly useful and this volume really lives up to my expectations; read on to discover the reasons why I heartily recommend it to fellow English learners.
Work on your Phrasal Verbs by Jamie Flockhart & Cheryl Pelteret covers not all phrasal verbs that exist in the English language. This may seem like a minus point of the book, but it is actually a plus one because what this book deals with are the 400 most common phrasal verbs: those you are most likely to meet (and use) in life. The book is divided into 25 units, each of which discusses phrasal verbs concerning a certain topic, for example money and spending. The phrasal verbs are arranged alphabetically and explained using extremely simple and easy-to-understand language (some of the definitions show labels such as [INFORMAL] and [BRITISH] so that readers can use the phrasal verbs appropriately). What's more, each meaning is equipped with at least one useful example sentence that shows a context in which the said phrasal verb can be used. These features ensure that readers understand and memorize the phrasal verbs effortlessly. I also appreciate the authors' endeavor to highlight that a particular phrasal verb is separable, for instance by giving appropriate examples. Another feature that I found really helpful is Notes, which give additional information about some phrasal verbs, e.g. alternative phrasal verbs or their opposites. Lastly, just like its close relative, Work on your Phrasal Verbs boasts numerous exercises stretched on two pages per unit to give readers opportunities to practice using the phrasal verbs that they have learned – the exercises I've done have really helped me fortify my learning.
Hold on, did I say "lastly"? Sorry for that because this book spoils its readers even more! Three appendices are present at the back of the book, the first one giving you highly useful tips for learning phrasal verbs, the second one listing the basic meanings of some common particles (such as in, from, and over), and the last one providing phrasal verb & noun collocations with example sentences. Working on your Phrasal Verbs is a perfect kit for building your phrasal verb reservoir and will be an invaluable English-learning resource on your bookshelf!
So, if you don't have the book yet, I guess you know what to do now: set off for a bookstore and opt for this book. Be careful so that you won't be run over by a vehicle and don't break into the bookstore if it is already closed – you'll have to pay for that! Just go back home, get up tomorrow morning, and head for it to get your copy of Work on your Phrasal Verbs! 😄
P.S. Did you realize that the title of this book contains a phrasal verb? 😉
Saturday, February 22, 2020
5 Traits of a Successful English Learner
1. Love
Love is one of the greatest forces in life. When we hear the word "love", it usually conjures up images of a couple hugging, kissing, or doing other romantic stuff. However, love is broader in scope and involves feelings toward inanimate objects, such as languages, as well. If you are aiming for success in learning English, love is the most important quality you need to possess. When you love something, it is always easy to achieve what you want with it, isn't it? You will learn without having to be told to, because it comes from the deepest of your heart. Love of English will keep you moving forward and decimate any obstacles getting in the way of your awaiting success!
2. Curiosity
I have also noticed that high-achieving English learners are those who maintain a high level of curiosity. English is like a complex puzzle that needs to be solved but there are certain patterns or guidelines that can help you master this language. This should be a very fun activity but it requires a substantial amount of time and effort. You need to always crave for more and keep being insatiably curious. For example, if you know the word "happy", do you know other phrases or expressions that express the same idea? Its synonyms maybe? As for grammar, it is essential to be in the habit of asking "why?" Why do we need to put an -ing form after the word "enjoy"? Why is the phrase "extreme tall" grammatically wrong? Your English-learning experience will be markedly different with the existence of this quality.
3. Enthusiasm
Being enthusiastic is crucial to the development of one's English proficiency. With burning enthusiasm, you will achieve in one day what mediocre ones would in a week. Within the same window of time, learners with such a characteristic will finish five long grammar exercises while apathetic ones may even struggle to complete one short exercise. Practice does make perfect and it is only with enthusiasm that this can be effectively done. Just like the power of love, if you are exuberant, you do what you need to do on your own initiative. However, it is important to keep in mind that this quality has to be paired with consistency; otherwise, the impact would not really be significant.
4. Reflection
Just as we look in the mirror before starting off for a wedding party to ensure that our appearance will not disappoint the guests, it is essential that we regularly & continually reflect on our English learning. Try to ask yourself such questions as "How long have I been learning English?", "What improvements have I made?", and "What areas do I still need to work on?" On a smaller scale, you can review what you have just said or written. Was my pronunciation entirely correct? Did I use the correct verb forms? Is this sentence grammatically perfect? Did I make any mistakes in terms of punctuation and capitalization? Doing self-assessment is, indeed, critical for your success in learning English.
5. Humility
Last but not least, aside from making you a likable human being, humility helps you reach what otherwise would be unreachable. I personally believe that we can learn from anyone, anywhere, and anytime. What we have experienced cannot be 100% the same as what others have. Therefore, even if you think you know everything, you actually do not. Being humble must be part of your disposition if you are to attain optimal outcomes from your English-learning experience. Admitting that we are not perfect is not a weakness; on the contrary, it is a strength. There are always gaps in our knowledge and it is conceivable that there are many people who have pieces of knowledge and probably tips/advice that we do not know. Thus, willingness to learn from such people and ask for their help is key to enhancing your English skills. Look around and you may see an opportunity to take your English to the next level!
I hope this article is particularly helpful for your English-learning voyage! Please write you think in the comment section below!
You may be interested in reading the following articles:
- How to Be Good at English (Part 1)
- How to Be Good at English (Part 2)
- 5 Recommended Websites for Learning English
- Is Grammar Important?
- 12 Common English Mistakes That Indonesians Make
- Quick Tips on the IELTS Test
- Language Finds a Way
- Language Is an Illusion
- Common English Mistakes: Present Simple and Present Continuous




















